Ernest Hemingway was an influential American novelist, short story writer, and journalist, born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois. Renowned for his economical and understated writing style, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Hemingway's works, including classics such as "The Old Man and the Sea" and "A Farewell to Arms," often drew from his experiences in World War I, the Spanish Civil War, and World War II.