Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Born in 1856 in what is now the Czech Republic, Freud's work laid the foundation for understanding the unconscious mind and its influence on human behavior. He proposed several groundbreaking concepts, including the Oedipus complex, the structure of the psyche (id, ego, and superego), and the theory of repression.